Index.
- Introduction.
- Installation.
- Backups.
- Install phpMyAdmin.
- Download.
Introduction.
For several applications we need a SQL database server, the most used server is MySQL. Several applications that will be installed on our Home Server use MySQL. After installation of the server, the setup is secured. Then we configure the server so that it can be accessed from the workstations and the DMZ network. For workstations it can be useful for office applications like Excel by using a database connector. For the DMZ network you should think about dynamic web servers applications like WordPress, Joomla etc.
Installation.
Install MySQL using pacman:
[root@homsrv ~]# pacman -S mysql resolving dependencies... looking for inter-conflicts... Targets (3): libmysqlclient-5.5.13-1 mysql-clients-5.5.13-1 mysql-5.5.13-1 Total Download Size: 9.56 MB Total Installed Size: 104.00 MB Proceed with installation? [Y/n] :: Retrieving packages from extra... libmysqlclient-5.5... 3.0M 1027.7K/s 00:00:03 [######################] 100% mysql-clients-5.5.... 823.2K 733.4K/s 00:00:01 [######################] 100% mysql-5.5.13-1-i686 5.8M 1069.9K/s 00:00:06 [######################] 100% (3/3) checking package integrity [######################] 100% (3/3) checking for file conflicts [######################] 100% (1/3) installing libmysqlclient [######################] 100% (2/3) installing mysql-clients [######################] 100% (3/3) installing mysql [######################] 100% Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h homsrv password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /usr/scripts/mysqlbug script! Optional dependencies for mysql perl-dbi perl-dbd-mysql [root@homsrv ~]#
Start it right away and secure it:
[root@homsrv ~]# /etc/rc.d/mysqld start :: Starting MySQL Server [DONE] [root@homsrv ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! [root@homsrv ~]#
Now it’s secured against remote access. Edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and comment out the following two line:
#skip-networking #log-bin=mysql-bin
Add the following line to /etc/hosts.allow so TCP access works (libwrap will be dropped soon):
ALL: ALL
Finally restart MySQL:
[root@homsrv mysql]# /etc/rc.d/mysqld restart :: Stopping MySQL Server [DONE] :: Starting MySQL Server [DONE] [root@homsrv mysql]#
A note about the firewall, I have updated the gateway part to allow TCP port 3306 from the DMZ to our Home Server. It’s not needed now. Even if this is open, it is still secure because there are no databases in MySQL that are allowed from the DMZ network.
Backups.
Making a backup of a running MySQL database cannot be done by just making a backup of /var/lib/mysql because cached data is not on the disk. Instead it is best to make use of MySQL tools that are made for that job. Below is an example of a script that can be run by cron on a daily schedule. Then, a real backup program can backup the /root/mysql_backup directory.
[root@homsrv ~]# cat /etc/cron.daily/mysqlbackup #!/bin/sh # # Backup MySQL databases that are used on this server mkdir -p /root/mysql_backup cd /root/mysql_backup mysqlshow --count -u dspam -ptotallysecret dspam > dspam.stat mysqlcheck -o -u dspam -ptotallysecret dspam > dspam.log mysqldump --add-drop-table -u dspam -ptotallysecret dspam > dspam.sql [root@lx02 ~]#
Install phpMyAdmin.
Use the following commands to install phpMyAdmin:
[root@homsrv ~]# pacman -S phpmyadmin resolving dependencies... looking for inter-conflicts... Targets (1): phpmyadmin-3.4.2-1 Total Download Size: 3.57 MB Total Installed Size: 18.88 MB Proceed with installation? [Y/n] :: Retrieving packages from community... phpmyadmin-3.4.2-1-any 3.6M 624.6K/s 00:00:06 [######################] 100% (1/1) checking package integrity [######################] 100% (1/1) checking for file conflicts [######################] 100% (1/1) installing phpmyadmin [######################] 100% Check http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Phpmyadmin for details. Optional dependencies for phpmyadmin php-mcrypt: to use phpMyAdmin internal authentication python [root@homsrv ~]# cat /etc/webapps/phpmyadmin/apache.example.conf > \ /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-phpmyadmin.conf [root@homsrv ~]# rm /etc/webapps/phpmyadmin/.htaccess [root@homsrv ~]#
Somewhere at the bottom of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf add:
Include conf/extra/httpd-phpmyadmin.conf
Then restart the web server:
[root@homsrv ~]# /etc/rc.d/httpd restart :: Restarting Apache Web Server [DONE] [root@homsrv ~]#
Browse to http://homsrv.wpl.ym/phpmyadmin/index.php and login as root with the password you have set when you secured the MySQL installation.
Download.
As usual, the archive with all configuration files:
